TikTok, YouTube are making plastic surgery, Botox normal and that’s not OK – documentary and experts explain
- A new documentary, #FillerNation, explores the normalisation of plastic surgery thanks to beauty influencers on social media platforms like TikTok and YouTube
- Experts worry about how normalised it has become for teenagers to turn to invasive measures such as breast implants, Botox and nose jobs to feel ‘beautiful’
From breast implants to nose jobs, young women across the United States are documenting their cosmetic procedures online, showing before-and-after shots and recording the process for millions to watch.
In some ways, this openness is a refreshing change from the pressure celebrities often face to lie about and deny these surgeries.
But is transparency always a good thing?
“Any time I post about body augmentation on TikTok, [I get] at least 500,000 views,” influencer Demaris Martinez, 25, says in the documentary.
She says she has had breast augmentation, rhinoplasty and lip fillers, which she has chronicled online for her followers.
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It is an effort to combat unrealistic beauty standards with honesty, Martinez says. But as more influencers show off their new appearances – without disclosing the risks of these procedures – they may be perpetuating a cycle of ignorance and promoting an unattainable beauty standard, experts warn.
“It’s nice that more people are being open about their beauty work, showing it doesn’t come naturally,” says Dana Berkowitz, associate professor of sociology and women, gender and sexuality studies at Louisiana State University in the US. However, she worries “others will see this type of content and feel they, too, have to do this”.
According to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, nearly 230,000 cosmetic surgeries were performed on those ages 13-19 in 2020.
“When you have teenagers thinking they need to get these procedures, certainly that is disheartening and concerning,” Engelman says. Some of her patients have even requested injectables to “feel pretty” or “be happy”. In these cases, she declines their requests.
Social media and influencer culture are partly to blame. In comparison to A-list celebrities, these young and seemingly ordinary online stars appear more authentic, relatable and therefore trustworthy.
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However, #FillerNation also exposes a less well known reality: many of these influencers said they received thousands of dollars worth of cosmetic surgery for free, or at a discounted price, to market to their audiences – without having to publicly disclose the transaction.
“To assume that influencers can demystify plastic surgery and empower their followers to make informed choices? That assumes that the influencers have the knowledge base in order to do that,” American journalist on tech and culture Kat Tenbarge says in the documentary.
“In most cases, influencers don’t. By leaving it up to the influencers, you’re perpetuating a cycle of ignorance and also misinformation.”
But young adults tend to fixate on the immediate desired results over these possible, long-term consequences, says Elizabeth Daniels, associate professor of developmental psychology at the University of Colorado, Colorado Springs.
“We’re talking about people who don’t have the full cognitive architecture to really evaluate the range of issues that you should consider before having a cosmetic procedure,” Daniels says. “And the fact that more people are having these procedures without fully understanding the risks feeds into this unrealistic appearance culture.”
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Beauty standards are constantly changing, yet they stay unrealistic. Now, experts also worry about how normalised it has become for teenagers to turn to more invasive measures to feel “beautiful”.
The images and videos we are exposed to on-screen have real-life consequences. Research shows that teens between the ages of 13 and 19 are especially vulnerable to peer pressure and more likely to hold an unhealthy fixation on physical beauty, which may drive some to get procedures that they will later regret.
“I wish I had someone to tell me, ‘No. Don’t get more filler’,” she says.
A disclaimer or list of educational resources may be helpful for these viral videos. But at the root is a more persistent, lifelong pressure for young teens to conform to impossible beauty standards.
If you do not naturally look a certain way, you are encouraged to alter yourself under the knife or needle, rather than embrace it.
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But instead of modifying ourselves, it is the cultural message that needs to change, Daniels says.
“We should be encouraged to celebrate the differences and think about beauty more broadly. There is no one way to be beautiful.”
