By Kaldarhan A. Kambar
I am moving forward, into our future,
which has not yet come ...
(literary-scientific essay)
Copyright 2020 © Kaldarhan Aliseituly Kambar
First published June 6, 2020
Introduction
My one old and faithful friend once answered my question regarding the opinion of readers. Why
are you interested in people's opinions? There are 7 billion of us on the sinful Earth, and the same
number of opinions. If you obey the opinions of people, then soon you will go crazy or in extreme
cases stop writing articles. My friend, who lived in this controversial life for more than 70 years,
was right in his own way and I was right in his own way. As a result, we no longer raised this topic
even once, because we had different opinions regarding different opinions of people and my
readers. Today I accidentally stumbled upon three opinions of my readers, to which I wanted to
answer. I will start to open them in turn, that is, according to the dates of receipt, while maintaining
the style and grammar of the letter:
“Hello Kaldarhan, December 3, 2019
Has it ever occurred to you that the "secrets" you are interested in are fables made up by satan the
devil to deceive the majority and the week in mind? I always find it amazing that the short time of
period that every human has to live is always wasted in unnecessary activities and chasing of the
wind instead of seeking for the the TRUTH. Many people, as it always has been, are living in
darkness and in ignorance despite their religious affiliations and beliefs. The truth is always in their
sights yet they choose to be led by fear. How sad is that? Here is one fact in your calendar: what
will you achieve from now until 2063 or until 2083? Have ever though about that?
Xu Li (Simplified Chinese: 许 莉; Traditional Chinese: 許 莉; Pinyin: Xǔ Lī).”
My short answer is: “Hello Xu Li! Between 1950 and 2020, the population of China was
1,438,864,613 people, and the population of Kazakhstan was only 18,757,968 people. [1] The
population of such cities as Chongqing (30,484,300) [2], Shanghai (24,281,400) [3] and Beijing
(21,542,000) [4] is larger than the population of our country. Of course you can afford to say such
“arrogant words” when there are so many people behind you who can “accidentally crush” such a
small country like Kazakhstan. To your great surprise, the “secrets of calendars” for me are not
fables invented by Satan the Devil, but an amazing legacy of our ancestors who lived on Earth 4-5
thousand years ago just like you and I, as we live now. And besides, I'm looking for the TRUTH of
the lost somewhere there in the troubled times, as the modern COVID-19 pandemic is doing with us
today. Do not worry, I and you will not live to see 2063 or until 2083, but at that time other
"Kaldarkhans" will look for the TRUTH. It has always been this way ...”
“Dear Kaldarhan, January 21, 2020
I enjoy your papers on Academia.edu. I am also a small fish with big ideas. You say "As a sane
person, I fully understand what will be humiliation and a general blow to European science if they
admit that for more than a hundred years they have codified the Mayan calendar on the basis of a
wrong calculation." I also investigate similar inquiry and hopefully will upgrade my account with
Academia to share the bulk of my work. Would you recommend Academia.edu for someone like
myself to first publish my findings even though I don't have the credentials after my name? Will
they or anyone take me seriously? Perhaps I should take a risk and publish mainstream or by myself
or ask a college near me to look at my work? I have determined a redirection of BC dates so that
2325 'bc' and 2360 'bc "are older dates than 3113 or 3760. I have reinterpreted the' prophecy of the
Palenque Triad 'as derived from passages at Temple 19 on the South Wall. Are you aware of the
incorrectness of the interpretation of the inscriptions said to belong to a previous cycle of 5,125
years? I hope so. I would be embarrassed for you if you just went along with the traditionalist maya
scholars. Thank you for any feedback and thoughtfulness.
Graham Kent (American from Maine)”
My short answer is: “Dear Graham Kent from Maine. Unfortunately, people are divided into small
and large fish, in this I agree with you. But this does not make sense for TRUTH, he does not care
that you are European or Asian. If you are confident in your truth, publish your works (Mayan
calendar and chronology) without looking at anyone, because absolute power over all things
belongs not to people, but to Almighty GOD. Не обижайтесь, но я думаю, что хронология майя
в «Мезоамериканском календаре длинного счета» [5] составлена неправильно. I look at the
foundation of this building and see the cracks clearly, but European-American science is
preoccupied with the wall, roof and decorations of this building. The destruction of this building
and the rebuilding require tremendous work and time, which will be greatly inhibited by the
COVID-19 pandemic. You do not forget, I am a descendant of nomads who prefers to die than give
up defending their truth. I wish you good luck and health, take care of yourself.”
“Dear Kaldarhan, March 13, 2020
MARIE ELOGE NGO LOOG KINGAND left a reason for downloading The Lunar-stellar
Calendar "Togys esebi" of the Peoples of Eurasia. As basa'a woman of Cameroon, i create a african
thint tank in mathematic.”
My short answer is: “Dear woman (Marie eloge NGO loog kingand) from Cameroon. Thank you
so much for being interested in the lunar-stellar Calendar "Togys esebi" of the Peoples of Eurasia.
My father Aliceit was grateful to his wife Apazhan, who had her own independent mathematics and
helped him a lot in studying the equality of the nomad calendar. I hope that your “tank of African
hue in mathematics” is strong, otherwise shells with the uranium core of modern mathematics can
penetrate it from afar. Remember to teach it to your children, as my mother did when she taught me
how to reinvent mathematics. As a last resort, if not you, then they can succeed. I will always wish
you good luck and health, take care of yourself and do not get sick. ”
2
Mathematics is the main thing that exists, and literature is his
constant assistant
Once I asked for help from a friend of mine who was a good mathematician or at least went to
university. The task was simple: In the 19-year cycle, there are 235 lunar months, of which 110
consists of 29 days, and 125 consists of 30 days, the total amount is a total of 6940 days:
29 × 110 + 30 × 125 = 3190 + 3625 = 6940 days ÷ 235 months = 29.5319149 days
or 6940 days ÷ 19 years = 365.2631579 days.
I asked a mathematician friend in just 19 lines to show how many there will be 29 and 30 days in
each year of the 19 year cycle. For a long time he counted the numbers, created formulas and
resorted to many well-known mathematical algorithms, but achieved nothing. Since I needed these
calculations, I had to remember and act on the peculiar rules of my mother in mathematics and after
30-40 minutes I found out “how many will be 29 and 30 days in each year of the 76-year cycle”.
And besides this, I easily determined the intercalation [6] of the 76-year cycle, that is, how much a
year consists of 12-month 354-355 days (regular year) and how many years consists of 13-month
383-384 days (embolismic, leap year).
To balance the 19-year cycle within the 76-year cycle, one of the 4 cycles must contain a total of
6939 days:
29 × 110 + 30 × 125 = 3190 + 3625 = 6940 days ÷ 235 months = 29.5319149 days
or 6940 days ÷ 19 years = 365.2631579 days.
Due to a decrease of 1 day in the 19 year cycle, in this equality intercalation and other rules will
change.
6940 × 3 = 20820 + 6939 = 27759 days ÷ 940 months = 29.5308511 days
or 27759 days ÷ 76 years = 365.25 days.
My mate friend was very surprised at how quickly I made these calculations on the intercalation of
a 76-year cycle. The secret was that I “hacked” the established traditions and rules of mathematical
science and bypassed it. Of course, this was wrong on my part, but there are no rules in war. Here
everyone survives as best they can and how they want the winner to receive everything at once on a
golden dish.
The mathematical secrets of "intercalation" are completely resolved
Violating the ancient rules of mathematical science, established over a thousand years, over time I
learned to turn any astronomical values of the moon, the sun and the planets of the solar system into
a stable calendar. Thus, the mathematical secrets of “intercalation” regarding calendars and even
astronomy were fully revealed. In order not to seem unreasonable self-taught or even worse a fool, I
gave as an example the astronomical and calendar rules for intercalation that I invented in my
previous article [7] in the form of 1-8 tables. You can take a look at these unique tables that you
will not find anywhere and never.
3
My knowledge may come in handy when humanity colonizes the Moon, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn,
Uranus and Neptune and their moons. Even it will be possible to pre-prepare a stable calendar for
distant exoplanets from other dimensions. Although it sounds like a fantastic story, but it is quite
doable. I’m even a little sorry that I was born ahead of time or in vain tormenting others with my
piercing thoughts. Nevertheless, I am moving forward, into our future that has not yet come.
Reason and our thoughts must penetrate into all the secrets of the Universe visible from the Earth.
Therefore, unlike many, all the time of my conscious life I did not give rest to the brain. He’s
already used to such a load, now the trouble is that he doesn’t let me rest. All the time I developed
my thoughts about the calendars of the ancient world and came to an amazing conclusion. It turns
out that all the ancient calendars of the world had a dual purpose, like the calendars of the MayanAztecs, [8] nomads of Turkestan, [9] [10] the ancient Romans, [11] the society Essenes [12]
(Qumran calendar) [13] and many others calendars that are unknown to science. Calendars of the
world will again and again surprise modern science with their sophistication and completely
incomprehensible structures. These calendars cannot be correctly decrypted or codified by imposing
365 days on them, which our civilization uses. Ancient and forgotten civilizations had their own
logic and vision of the subject, so it will be difficult for us to understand them.
Astronomy and the Mayan calendar are my eternal theme
Again and again, I am amazed at the Mayan astronomical and calendar knowledge. It happens,
sometimes I am tormented by vague doubts about whether they really came up with all these
calculations themselves. Is it possible for some alien civilization to help Mayan astronomers write
all these numbers in tables that came from another galaxy and studied our planet not on Earth, as
now, but in open space, where everything is clearly visible. Because at first glance, the meaningless
numbers on even miraculously preserved (Dresden, Paris, Madrid and Grolieu) Codex [14] throw
such surprises, you sit and think where they got so much knowledge from. Why do not their
descendants possess such knowledge?!
Modern Mayan scholars or researchers still believe that the ancient peoples of Mesoamerica used
calendars based on 260 (73-year cycle) days and 365 (52-year cycle) [15] days in their daily lives.
However, in those ancient times it would be logical to use cycles in which the number of days is 10
times less than modern indicators: 260 days × 7 years = 1820 days ÷ 5 years = 364 days. [16]
However, my personal research from 1985 to 2020 shows or proves that the Mesoamerican peoples
used three types of calendars (260 day, 273 day и 364 day) based on an 819-day calendar:
1) 819 days × 4 years = 3276 days ÷ 9 years = 364 days;
2) 819 days × 4 years = 3276 days ÷ 12 years = 273 days;
3) 819 days × 20 years = 16380 days ÷ 45 years = 364 days;
4) 819 days × 20 years = 16380 days ÷ 60 years = 273 days;
5) 819 days × 20 years = 16380 days ÷ 63 years = 260 days;
6) 819 days × 260 years = 212940 days ÷ 585 years = 364 days;
7) 819 days × 260 years = 212940 days ÷ 780 years = 273 days.
4
To be honest, I don’t even know how past and modern Mayan researchers studied an 819-day
account or calendar when it was not at all difficult to calculate such a simple equality:
273 days × 3 years = 819 days ÷ 30 sidereal month = 27.3 days .
“819-DAY COUNT – KʼAWILL: Some Mayan monuments include glyphs that record an 819-day
count in their Initial Series. These can also be found in the Dresden codex. [17] This is described in
Thompson. [18] More examples of this can be found in Kelley. [19] Each group of 819 days was
associated with one of four colors and the cardinal direction with which it was associated – black
corresponded to west, red to east, white to north and yellow to south. The 819-day count can be
described several ways: Most of these are referred to using a "Y" glyph and a number. Many also
have a glyph for Kʼawill – the god with a smoking mirror in his head. Kʼawill has been suggested
as having a link to Jupiter. [20] In the Dresden codex almanac 59 there are Chaacs of the four
colors. The accompanying texts begin with a directional glyph and a verb for 819-day-count
phrases. Anderson [21] provides a detailed description of the 819-day count.” [22]
As can be seen from the above equality, in the ancient calendars of Mesoamerica and Maya there is
not even the slightest hint of the notorious 365 days and the planet Jupiter, as modern Mayalogy
claims. As we see from equality 6 and 7 above, in the 819-day count (Kʼawill) account instead of
Jupiter, this calendar approximately corresponds to the synodic period of Venus – 585 days (actual
583.9 days) and Mars – 780 days (actual 779.9 days). [23]
A reasonable question arises: Why did Mayan astronomers choose 260 days for a short year?
Firstly, in my opinion, this is due to the eclipses of the moon and the sun. Probably, they really
liked to live in the rhythm of a mysterious and incomprehensible eclipse of the Moon and the Sun,
moreover, no one pointed and forbade it to them (then there was no UN, USA and Europe). Modern
science should also be interested in how the 26-day month or 260-day year interacts with the
eclipses of the Moon and the Sun. To facilitate their task, I will give two equalities on this topic:
1) 260 × 4 = 1040 days ÷ 3 years = 346.66667 days (draconic year);
2) 260 × 9 = 2340 days ÷ 86 month = 27.2093 days (draconic month).
Secondly, in my opinion, this was due to the determination of the size of a short period of time than
a month, by our standards – a week. Only it was not just a week in our understanding, these weeks
consisting of 5, 7 and 9 days had a close relationship with their surrounding nature and the vast
Universe. You can read about it below.
For example: 7 days × 37 amal = 259 days or 9 days × 29 amal = 261 days. They chose the “golden
mean,” consisting of 5 days × 52 amal = 260 days. In ancient civilizations, which we have not yet
fully (or incorrectly) studied, what role did a very short period of 5, 7, and 9 days play?
The deep meaning of the "amal" of nomads (5, 7 and 9 days)
has not yet been disclosed
The modern scientific definition of a seven-day week: “A week [24] is a time unit [25] equal to
seven days. It is the standard time period used for cycles of rest days in most parts of the world,
mostly alongside – although not strictly part of – the Gregorian calendar.” This is a completely
wrong definition.
5
In fact, the 5, 7 or 9-day “amal” was a kind of “micro-cosmos” of ancient people, with the help of
which they felt the slightest changes in the vast Universe (time and space). The stubborn and
uncompromising European science cannot yet understand these "subtleties" of the past. Therefore, I
write in Academia.edu all these "ancient knowledge" in small doses so that they do not get poisoned
by eating everything at once without looking back. If modern science at the beginning of everything
would have studied these subtleties of antiquity, it would have been easier for them to understand
how this enormous Universe is arranged.
In ancient times, people did not plan the time immediately for the year ahead, in the amount of 365
days, as we are doing now. To feel the harmony and aroma of earthly nature and the Universe, they
lived according to the seasons of the year (spring, summer, autumn, winter) in the amount of 91
days, divided into 5, 7 and 9 days, I called “amal” (the name is taken from the calendar term of
nomads). “Amal” in the calendars of Mesoamerica consisted of 5 (260 days) and 7 days (364 days),
in the Qumran calendar, “amal” consisted of 7 days (7 days × 13 amal = 91 days × 4 seasons of the
year = 364 days). Amal consisting of 5 and 7 days was well suited for residents of Central America
and the Middle East, where the climate is relatively hot. The nomads of Turkestan (Central Asia)
and the inhabitants of all Eurasia, where the continental climate reigns, used a 9-day “amal”:
9 days × 10 amal = 90 + 1 day × 4 seasons = 364 days.
We very much upset the balance in the Universe, when we did not fully study the Earth, the sea and
the oceans, immediately rushed into space and other planets. The universe has its own laws that
must not be violated. Ancient people and civilizations of the past knew these laws well and did not
violate them. But they did not disappear from the face of the Earth not because of this humble blind
obedience, their time simply passed and they made way for a more advanced civilization.
The moral code for humanity from these spoken words by me is as follows: If Adam and Eve, [26]
having believed in the words of the Serpents (Satan), would not have eaten the “forbidden fruit”
(apple), we would all live in the Garden of Eden (Paradise). In a word, we again want to go to
Paradise (space) in a direct and stubborn way, but no one is waiting for us there or they don’t want
to accept us again. As a result, the COVID-19 pandemic and other disasters devour us on Earth.
Maybe before it's too late, cost us to go back to where it all started?
Table 1. "The beginning of all things":
№
Calendar Names
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Urker esebi (nomads)
Mesoamerica – Maya
Zhuldyz esebi (nomads)
Mesoamerica – Maya
Ancient Rome
No analogues
No analogues
Qumran calendar
European version
No analogues
No analogues
Days
in the
year
273
260
280
272
304
274
275
295
260
275
295
Si
g
n
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
Day
number
year
4
7
13
91
91
182
364
364
73
73
73
Si
g
n
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
6
Total day
1092
1820
3640
24752
27664
49868
100100
107380
18980
20075
21535
Si
g
n
÷
÷
÷
÷
÷
÷
÷
÷
÷
÷
÷
Day
number
year
3
5
10
68
76
137
275
295
52
55
59
Si
g
n
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Days
in
year
364
364
364
364
364
364
364
364
365
365
365
Note: In ancient times, astronomers, priests, time counters ("Esepshi" from Turkestan) and other
people who studied time did not determine the daily size of the months of the moon, sun and stars
meticulously in a fraction of seconds, as is now done. They acted very reasonably and logically: for
any calculation they used approximately the first three digits of the studied lunar month.
For example: they converted a 27,212-day draconic month into a 272-day short year or a 27,322day sidereal month into a 273-day short year, because they knew for sure that there could be
nothing permanent in this world. Then these short years were combined together with a 364-day
year with 91-day quarters. That's all the ancient wisdom over which we break our heads and brains.
What is special about these nomad calendars?
The typical narrow eyes of some nomads (the Mongoloid race) had excellent innate vision, which
can even be compared with the primitive telescope (30x magnification) used in 1609 by Galileo
Galilei (1564-1642). [27] One of such vivid examples is given in the book of Tsybulsky V.V .:
“Since ancient times, in the countries of East and Southeast Asia, during the preparation of
calendars, great importance has been attached to the periodicity of the movement of the Sun, Moon,
Jupiter and Saturn. This primarily applies to the nomads of Central Asia and is largely explained
by their lifestyle. Each nomad family had its own yurt, whose dome remained open during the
warmer part of the year, and the poles of the dome served as a guide for observing stars and
planets. Thus, each yurt was a kind of family “planetarium”, thanks to which observations of the
movement of celestial bodies were accumulated and transmitted from generation to generation. As
scientists have repeatedly noted, nomads had excellent congenital vision. The famous Russian
navigator and traveler in the north of Siberia, one of the founders of the Russian Geographical
Society Ferdinand Petrovich Wrangel (1796-1870) noted this quality among the Yakuts: “One
middle-aged Yakut assured the head of the Ust-Yan expedition, Lieutenant Anjou, that he happened
to see one big bluish star (Jupiter) swallow the other smaller stars and spit out afterwards. Thus,
this Siberian with simple eyes could observe the eclipse of the moons of Jupiter.” [28]
Now imagine such a terrible picture, from a premonition of which you feel uneasy. Usually nomads
possessing such excellent congenital vision were archers. For example, you and I, with a distance of
100-200 meters, see only the silhouette of a person. And these nomads-archers from such a distance
see the frightened eyes of their enemy, see how his hands tremble with fear and the most vulnerable
spot (in the area of the heart, liver) in his armor. And the next moment, his hard arrow pierces deep
into the throat of the enemy and he is dead.
They loved freedom and respected the strength of their arms and bodies. They spoke the truth in the
eye even to their ruler or khan.
Nomads would not be nomads if they did not directly say in your face: “Gentlemen, world-famous
scientists, why do we need to look for time in the Universe, when it is necessary here on Earth.”
Because the life and death of nomads depended on the proper maintenance of a calendar, which is
firmly based on the correct calculation of the day, month and seasons of the year smoothly in
harmony with nature.
Let the ashes of the great Roman commander Julius Caesar and Pope Gregory XIII not be offended,
but my father Aliceit, a nomad from bone to brain, rejected the Julian and Gregorian calendars for
the rest of his life. He said that these calendars have no souls, they are monotonous and therefore
dead. According to my father, it turns out that a real calendar should be alive, a fresh wind of
7
change should always blow from it, and people should be infinitely charged with energy from this
calendar. When he said these words from case to case, his green eyes burned with overstrain, even
sparks flew. At such moments, I sometimes thought that he was a little crazy ...
Time did not spare anyone, neither father, nor me, he died, I am aging, because His Majesty Time is
completely subordinated only to the will of God (in my opinion, the whole Universe without
borders is God). Sooner or later, it will affect everyone, from infants to old people, from tramps to
rulers. It turns out that my father was right, he argued that in ancient times there were different
calendars, similar to the calendars of nomads. For this reason, I indirectly studied many other
calendars of the world. In the end, I found out that he was right, one pity, he did not live to this day
and did not see these calendars.
In the nomad’s calendars there are no clear and precisely established seasons of the year (spring,
summer, autumn, winter), for example, even formally, as in the current solar calendar. When the
whole Universe and nature in the Earth are always in constant motion, it seems absurd to establish a
point of spring and fall, summer and winter. According to the concepts of the ancient nomads, the
seasons of the year do not obey us and our desires, but the law of heaven and the universe. These
boundaries of the seasons (spring, summer, autumn, winter) are slowly changing their place in the
sky. For example, during ancient Rome, these dates were set as follows.
Marcus Terentius Varro, excerpt from his book "on Agriculture": 44 days (before the Pleiades
heliacal rising) + 48 days (before the summer solstice) + 27 days (before the rise of the Dog Star
[Sirius]) + 67 days (until the autumn equinox) + 32 days (before the establishment of the Pleiades in
the sky) + 57 days (before the winter solstice) + 45 days (before the rising west wind) + 45 days
(before the spring equinox) = (total) 365 days a year. [29]
The decoding of the ancient Roman agricultural calendar belongs to the author of this article (©
K.A.K.): [30]
1st period (spring): from February 7 to March 22 – 44 (1-44) days;
2nd period (spring): from March 23 to May 9 – 48 (45-92) days;
3rd period (summer): from May 10 to June 5 – 27 (93-119) days;
4th period (summer): from June 6 to August 11 – 67 (120-186) days;
5th period (autumn): from August 12 to September 12 – 32 (187-218) days;
6th period (autumn): from September 13 to November 8 – 57 (219-275) days;
7th period (winter): from November 9 to December 23 – 45 (276-320) days;
8th period (winter): from December 24 to February 6 – 45 (321-365) days.
This is a typical stellar calendar, it should not be confused with the solar calendar, which we use
now. About this unique calendar of ancient Rome is not written anywhere, although it has been in a
prominent place for more than 2000 years. Its uniqueness is that it is directly related to the stars in
the Universe and is its reflection on Earth. This is one of the types of “living calendar” that my
father predicted, and he really charges people with the energy of the universe.
8
Although more than 2000 years have passed since then, not only in Italy (the current heir of Ancient
Rome), but in many European countries, this climate change is still in effect. Because, compared
with the solar calendar, an event in the stellar calendar changes very slowly.
Nomads also had a similar stellar calendar "Zhuldyz esebi" (literally translated as "Stellar
Calendar"). This calendar had 13 months containing 28 days each. This stellar nomad calendar was
convenient and practical, compared to the calendar described above by the ancient Roman
encyclopedist Marcus Terentius Varro. About 3000-2000 years ago, nomads divided the zodiac
constellation into 13 groups, and the superstitious ancient Romans, who were afraid of the numbers
13, divided the zodiac constellation into 8 groups.
Therefore, nomadic asterism (Greek ἀστήρ, "the star") [31] and catasterism (Greek Καταστερισμοί
Katasterismoi, "placings among the stars") [32] is very different from European analogues and
modern standardization of the constellation border. For example, the name of the nomad
constellation (asterism) “Bosaga” (literally translated as “bicuspid door jamb of a yurt [kiiz ui]”)
corresponds to α Castor β Pollux (Gemini) [33] and α Capella β Menkalinan (Aurigae) [34].
Another name for the nomad constellation is called “Taisandyk” (literally translated as “Big Chest”)
corresponds to α Markab, β Scheat, γ Algenib (Pegasus) [35] and α Alpheratz (Andromeda) [36].
Nomads called the star cluster Pleiades (Urker – Frightened) [37] and Hyades (Shashyrauyk –
Scattered) [38] with the corresponding historical name. As for catasterism, it can be said that the
nomads completely ignored the name Leo [39] and called it “Kambar star”. "Kambar" is the name
of the protagonist of the Kazakh epic, but according to the heavenly description of the nomads, this
constellation looks like a Centaur (a horse with a human body) etc.
The advantage of 28 days in months was that such a stellar calendar corresponded more
harmoniously with the Lunar-stellar calendar “Togys esebi” of the peoples of Eurasia, [40] which
had 27 incomplete and 28 full days in the months. In turn, such months of 27 and 28 days were
based on the lunar-sidereal (stellar) month. To understand the essence of the topic, at first it will be
useful for us to read the scientific definition of modern astronomical science, regarding sidereal
month:
“Sidereal month: The period of the Moon's orbit as defined with respect to the celestial sphere of
apparently fixed stars (the International Celestial Reference Frame [ICRF]) is known as a sidereal
month because it is the time it takes the Moon to return to a similar position among the stars (Latin:
sidera): 27.321661 days (27 d 7 h 43 min 11.6 s). This type of month has been observed among
cultures in the Middle East, India, and China in the following way: they divided the sky into 27 or
28 lunar mansions, one for each day of the month, identified by the prominent star(s) in them.” [41]
“The sidereal month is defined as the Moon's orbital period in a non-rotating frame of reference
(which on average is equal to its rotation period in the same frame). It is about 27.32166 days (27
days, 7 hours, 43 minutes, 11.6 seconds). It is closely equal to the time it takes the Moon to pass
twice a "fixed" star (different stars give different results because all have a very small proper
motion and are not really fixed in position).” [42]
All these scientific descriptions look very “foggy” and there is nothing definite to understand
something useful for modern people. In other words, modern astronomical science does not know
and cannot explain how in ancient times the nomads of Turkestan, Mayans, Aztecs, Incas, ChibchaMuiska, Sumerians, Indians, Chinese, Arabs and other peoples used the “sidereal month” in their
lunar-sidereal [stellar] calendars. However, it should be noted especially that this is indeed a very
9
difficult and confusing topic, the penetration of which cost the author of this article a whole
conscious life.
Before that, I twice [40] [43] tried to explain the essence and structure of the lunar-sidereal [stellar]
calendar “Togys esebi”, but I see that many readers and scientists still cannot understand what kind
of calendar it is. Today I’ll try for the third time to clearly explain what a lunar-sidereal [stellar]
calendar or the fourth type calendar of planet Earth is, using the ancient astronomical methods of
the nomads of Turkestan. Modern representatives of other ancient peoples(residents of Central
America, Indians, Chinese, Arabs and others), whose ancestors used this kind of calendar,
unfortunately could not remember or completely forgot the ancient knowledge of their ancestors.
To create such a unique calendar, the ancient nomads of Turkestan spent thousands and thousands
of years paving the way through the thorns to the stars. Their descendants worthily appreciated this
work of their ancestors and therefore this kind of calendar did not disappear from the face of the
earth like other similar calendars. Nomad Kazakhs died millions in difficult historical times (the
devastating raids of many external enemies, collectivization during the USSR), but they never
forgot the ancient knowledge of their ancestors. Today it is time to show the world that they have
kept all this time, sacrificing the most dear and not even sparing their lives.
Once again about the essence and structure of the lunar-sidereal
[stellar] calendar “Togys esebi”
Many of us are well aware of the nature and structure of the lunisolar calendars, however will not
be superfluous, it will even be useful to recall the lunar-solar calendar again:
“LUNISOLAR CALENDAR
A lunisolar calendar is a calendar in many cultures whose date indicates both the Moon phase and
the time of the solar year. If the solar year is defined as a tropical year, then a lunisolar calendar
will give an indication of the season; if it is taken as a sidereal year, then the calendar will predict
the constellation near which the full moon may occur. As with all calendars which divide the year
into months there is an additional requirement that the year have a whole number of months. In this
case ordinary years consist of twelve months but every second or third year is an embolismic year,
which adds a thirteenth intercalary, embolismic, or leap month.
Their months are based on the regular cycle of the Moon's phases. So lunisolar calendars are lunar
calendars with – in contrast to them – additional intercalation rules being used to bring them into a
rough agreement with the solar year and thus with the seasons. The main other type of calendar is a
solar calendar.
Examples: The Hebrew, Jainism, Buddhist, Hindu and Kurdish as well as the traditional Burmese,
Chinese, Japanese, Tibetan, Vietnamese, Mongolian and Korean calendars (in the east Asian
cultural sphere), plus the ancient Hellenic, Coligny (Gaulish), and Babylonian calendars are all
lunisolar. Also, some of the ancient pre-Islamic calendars in south Arabia followed a lunisolar
system. The Chinese, Coligny (Gaulish) and Hebrew lunisolar calendars track more or less the
tropical year whereas the Buddhist and Hindu lunisolar calendars track the sidereal year.
Therefore, the first three give an idea of the seasons whereas the last two give an idea of the
position among the constellations of the full moon. The Tibetan calendar was influenced by both the
10
Chinese and Buddhist calendars. The Germanic peoples also used a lunisolar calendar before their
conversion to Christianity.
The Islamic calendar is lunar, but not a lunisolar calendar because its date is not related to the
Sun. The civil versions of the Julian and Gregorian calendars are solar, because their dates do not
indicate the Moon phase – however, both the Gregorian and Julian calendars include undated
lunar calendars that allow them to calculate the Christian celebration of Easter, so both are
lunisolar calendars in that respect”. [44]
In my last article [7] I compiled 8 intercalation tables for the lunar, solar and stellar calendar. Of
these, two tables (Tables 2 and 3) are directly related to today's article. A detailed intercalation of
the 19-year cycle and a possible 423-year cycle of the lunisolar calendar are given in Table 2.
Explanation of the numbers located on the vertical 1-11 columns of table 2
1. The numbers from 1-19 to 20-38 in the separated 2 columns indicate ordinal numbers indicating
years from 1-19 to 20-38 years;
2. The numbers 29 in the divided 2 columns means 29 incomplete days of the lunar-synodic month
in the corresponding year of the lunisolar calendar, where the months are always equal to 12 and 13
months (Chinese, Jewish calendar, consists of 29 incomplete and 30 full days);
3. The numbers from 5 to 7 in the divided 2 columns indicate the number of 29 incomplete days of
the lunar-synodic month in the corresponding year of the lunisolar calendar, where the months are
always equal to 12 and 13 months (Chinese, Jewish calendar, consists of 29 incomplete and 30 full
days);
4. The numbers 30 in the divided 2 columns means 30 full days of the lunar-synodic month in the
corresponding year of the lunisolar calendar, where the months are always equal to 12 and 13
months (Chinese, Jewish calendar, consists of 29 incomplete and 30 full days);
5. The numbers from 6 to 7 in the divided 2 columns indicate the number of 30 full days of the
lunar-synodic month in the corresponding year of the lunisolar calendar, where the months are
always equal to 12 and 13 months (Chinese, Jewish calendar, consists of 29 incomplete and 30 full
days);
6. The numbers from 354, 355 and 383, 384 in the divided 2 columns indicate the number of 354,
355 day simple lunar-synodic years and 383, 384 day leap lunar-synodic years in the corresponding
year of the lunisolar calendar, where the months are always equal to 12 and 13 months (Chinese,
Jewish calendar, consists of 29 incomplete and 30 full days);
7. The numbers from 354 to 6940 and from 147919 to 154504 in the divided 2 columns mean the
total number of days with an increase in the corresponding year of the lunisolar calendar, where the
months are always equal to 12 and 13 months (Chinese, Jewish calendar, consists of 29 incomplete
and 30 full days);
8. The numbers from 12 to 235 and from 5009 to 5232 in the divided 2 columns indicate the total
number of lunar-synodic months with an increase in the corresponding year of the lunisolar
calendar, where the months are always equal to 12 and 13 months (Chinese, Jewish calendar,
consists of 29 incomplete and 30 full days);
9. The numbers from 29.5 to 29.53191 and from 29,53064 to 29,53058 in the divided 2 columns
indicate the average astronomical value of the lunar-synodic month in the corresponding year of the
lunisolar calendar, where the months are always equal to 12 and 13 months (Chinese, Jewish
calendar, consists of 29 incomplete and 30 full days);
10. The numbers from 1 to 19 and from 405 to 423 in the divided 2 columns indicate the total
number of stellar years with an increase in the corresponding year of the lunisolar calendar, where
the months are always equal to 12 and 13 months (Chinese, Jewish calendar, consists of 29
incomplete and 30 full days);
11
11. The numbers from 354 to 365.26316 and 365.2321 to 365.25768 in the divided 2 columns
indicate the average astronomical value of the stellar year in the corresponding year of the lunisolar
calendar, where the months are always equal to 12 and 13 months (Chinese, Jewish calendar,
consists of 29 incomplete and 30 full days).
Explanation of the numbers located on the vertical 12-21 columns of table 3
12. The numbers 27 in the divided 2 columns means 27 incomplete days of the lunar-sidereal month
in the corresponding year of the lunar-stellar calendar, where the months are always equal to 13 and
14 months (“Togys esebi” calendar, consists of 27 incomplete and 28 full days);
13. The numbers from 8 to 10 in the divided 2 columns indicate the number of 27 incomplete days
of the lunar-sidereal month in the corresponding year of the lunar-stellar calendar, where the
months are always equal to 13 and 14 months (“Togys esebi” calendar, consists of 27 incomplete
and 28 full days);
14. The numbers 28 in the divided 2 columns means 28 full days of the lunar-sidereal month in the
corresponding year of the lunar-stellar calendar, where the months are always equal to 13 and 14
months (“Togys esebi” calendar, consists of 27 incomplete and 28 full days);
15. The numbers from 4 to 5 in the divided 2 columns indicate the number of 28 full days of the
lunar-sidereal month in the corresponding year of the lunar-stellar calendar, where the months are
always equal to 13 and 14 months (“Togys esebi” calendar, consists of 27 incomplete and 28 full
days);
16. The numbers from 355, 356 and 382, 383 in the divided 2 columns indicate the number of 355,
356 day simple lunar-sidereal years and 383, 384 day leap lunar-sidereal years in the corresponding
year of the lunar-stellar calendar, where the months are always equal to 13 and 14 months (“Togys
esebi” calendar, consists of 27 incomplete and 28 full days);
17. The numbers from 355 to 6940 and from 147919 to 154504 in the divided 2 columns mean the
total number of days with an increase in the corresponding year of the lunar-stellar calendar, where
the months are always equal to 13 and 14 months (“Togys esebi” calendar, consists of 27
incomplete and 28 full days);
18. The numbers from 13 to 254 and from 5414 to 5655 in the divided 2 columns indicate the total
number of lunar-sidereal months with an increase in the corresponding year of the lunar-stellar
calendar, where the months are always equal to 13 and 14 months (“Togys esebi” calendar, consists
of 27 incomplete and 28 full days);
19. The numbers from 27,3076923 to 27,3228346 and from 27,3215737 to 27,3216622 in the
divided 2 columns indicate the average astronomical value of the lunar-sidereal month in the
corresponding year of the lunar-stellar calendar, where the months are always equal to 13 and 14
months (“Togys esebi” calendar, consists of 27 incomplete and 28 full days);
20. The numbers from 1 to 19 and from 405 to 423 in the divided 2 columns indicate the total
number of stellar years with an increase in the corresponding year of the lunar-stellar calendar,
where the months are always equal to 13 and 14 months (“Togys esebi” calendar, consists of 27
incomplete and 28 full days);
21. The numbers from 355 to 365,263158 and 365,232099 to 365.25768 in the divided 2 columns
indicate the average astronomical value of the stellar year in the corresponding year of the lunarstellar calendar, where the months are always equal to 13 and 14 months (“Togys esebi” calendar,
consists of 27 incomplete and 28 full days).
12
Table 2
1 2 3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
6
7
7
6
7
7
6
7
6
7
6
7
7
6
7
6
7
7
6
354
384
355
354
384
355
383
355
354
384
354
355
384
354
384
354
355
384
354
354
738
1093
1447
1831
2185
2569
2924
3278
3662
4016
4371
4754
5109
5493
5847
6201
6585
6940
12
25
37
49
62
74
87
99
111
124
136
148
161
173
186
198
210
223
235
29,5
29,52
29,54054
29,53061
29,5323
29,52703
29,5287
29,53535
29,53153
29,5323
29,52941
29,53378
29,528
29,53179
29,5323
29,5303
29,52857
29,5292
29,53191
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
354
369
364,3333
361,75
366,2
364,1667
367
365,5
364,2222
366,2
365,0909
364,25
365,692
364,9286
366,2
365,4375
364,7647
365,833
365,2632
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
6
6
5
6
6
5
7
5
6
6
6
5
6
6
6
6
5
6
6
Table 3
12 13 14 15
16
17
18
19
20
21
27 9 28
27 9 28
27 9 28
27 9 28
27 9 28
27 9 28
27 10 28
27 9 28
27 8 28
27 10 28
27 9 28
27 9 28
27 9 28
27 9 28
27 9 28
27 9 28
27 9 28
27 9 28
27 9 28
355
383
355
355
383
355
382
355
356
382
355
355
383
355
383
355
355
383
355
355
738
1093
1448
1831
2186
2568
2923
3279
3661
4016
4371
4754
5109
5492
5847
6202
6585
6940
13
27
40
53
67
80
94
107
120
134
147
160
174
187
201
214
227
241
254
27,30769
27,3333
27,325
27,32075
27,3284
27,325
27,3191
27,31776
27,325
27,3209
27,31973
27,31875
27,3218
27,32086
27,3234
27,32243
27,32159
27,3237
27,32283
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
355
369
364,3333
362
366,2
364,3333
366,857
365,375
364,3333
366,1
365,0909
364,25
365,692
364,9286
366,133
365,4375
364,8235
365,833
365,2632
4
5
4
4
5
4
4
4
5
4
4
4
5
4
5
4
4
5
4
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
5
6
6
6
6
5
7
5
6
6
6
5
6
6
6
6
5
6
6
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
7
7
6
6
7
7
6
7
6
7
6
7
7
6
7
6
7
7
6
355
384
354
354
384
355
383
355
354
384
354
355
384
354
384
354
355
384
354
147919
148303
148657
149011
149395
149750
150133
150488
150842
151226
151580
151935
152319
152673
153057
153411
153766
154150
154504
5009
5022
5034
5046
5059
5071
5084
5096
5108
5121
5133
5145
5158
5170
5183
5195
5207
5220
5232
29,53064
29,5307
29,53059
29,53052
29,5305
29,53066
29,5305
29,53061
29,53054
29,5306
29,53049
29,53061
29,5306
29,53056
29,5306
29,53051
29,53063
29,5307
29,53058
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
365,2321
365,278
365,2506
365,223
365,269
365,2439
365,287
365,2621
365,2349
365,28
365,253
365,2284
365,273
365,2464
365,291
365,2643
365,2399
365,284
365,2577
27 9 28
27 9 28
27 9 28
27 9 28
27 9 28
27 9 28
27 9 28
27 9 28
27 9 28
27 10 28
27 8 28
27 9 28
27 10 28
27 9 28
27 9 28
27 9 28
27 9 28
27 9 28
27 9 28
29×110+30×125=3190+3750=6940
29×220+30×250=6380+7500=13880
4
5
4
4
5
4
5
4
4
4
5
4
4
4
5
4
4
5
4
355
383
355
355
383
355
383
355
355
382
356
355
382
355
383
355
355
383
355
147919
148302
148657
149012
149395
149750
150133
150488
150843
151225
151581
151936
152318
152673
153056
153411
153766
154149
154504
5414
5428
5441
5454
5468
5481
5495
5508
5521
5535
5548
5561
5575
5588
5602
5615
5628
5642
5655
27,32157
27,3217
27,32163
27,3216
27,3217
27,32166
27,3217
27,32171
27,32168
27,3216
27,32174
27,3217
27,3216
27,32158
27,3217
27,32164
27,32161
27,3217
27,32166
27×172+28×82=4644+2296=6940
27×344+28×164=9288+4592=13880
14
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
365,2321
365,276
365,2506
365,2255
365,269
365,2439
365,287
365,2621
365,2373
365,278
365,2554
365,2308
365,271
365,2464
365,289
365,2643
365,2399
365,282
365,2577
The modern scientific description of the lunisolar calendar [44] and Table 2 and 3 below are
mutually complementary and explaining the essence and structure of the lunar-sidereal [stellar]
calendar “Togys esebi” is becoming easier.
The lunisolar calendar and the lunar-sidereal [stellar] calendar “Togys esebi” are very similar in
structure to each other, only their essence is different. Both calendars have the same intercalation,
for example, 7 embolismic years in a 19-year cycle and the total number of days consisting of 6939
and 6940 days.
The only difference is that the lunisolar calendar usually uses 12 and 13 months consisting of 354355 and 383-384 days, and the lunar-sidereal [stellar] calendar “Togys esebi” uses 13 and 14
months consisting of 355-356 and 382-383 days. [43] This shows and even proves that they all this
time (from antiquity to today) existed as a "parallel world" in planet Earth.
Then begins the very interesting, but understandable from the point of view of astronomy difference
between the two calendars. Since the lunisolar calendar is oriented towards the visible movement of
the sun, which appears in the near-Earth sphere, the beginning of the year in it can start from the
end of winter (January-February) as in the Chinese lunisolar calendar or from the middle of the fall
(September-October) as in the Jewish lunisolar calendar. This free choice of definition of the
beginning of the year is facilitated by the lunar-synodic period of the Moon around the Earth and
the movement together (Moon-Earth) around the Sun.
To understand why this happens to the Moon and the Earth, it will be useful to read the scientific
definition of modern astronomical science regarding the synodic month: “A synodic month is the
most familiar lunar cycle, defined as the time interval between two consecutive occurrences of a
particular phase (such as new moon or full moon) as seen by an observer on Earth. The mean
length of the synodic month is 29.53059 days (29 days, 12 hours, 44 minutes, 2.8 seconds). Due to
the eccentricity of the lunar orbit around Earth (and to a lesser degree, the Earth's elliptical orbit
around the Sun), the length of a synodic month can vary by up to seven hours.” [42]
In other words, for 2000 years, people on Earth have determined the beginning of each new lunar
month by signs when the moon is not visible in the sky (astronomical new moon), like the Chinese
and modern astronomy, or when the moon is visible in the form of a narrow sickle (noumenia,
neomenia). The moon in the shape of a narrow sickle was popular not only in ancient times, but
even now among the nomads of Turkestan (the name "Zhana Ay", from Kazakh is translated as
"New Moon"), [43] as well as among the ancient Greeks (Noumenia), [45] among Jews (Rosh
Chodesh) [46] and Arabs (Qamar Jadid). [47] For the information of astronomers, I want to say that
the nomads of Turkestan considered the “modern astronomical new moon” the end of each lunar
month and called it “Oli Ara” (in Kazakh, this means “dead time interval”). In terms of logic, they
seem to be judging correctly ...
In the lunar-sidereal [stellar] calendar “Togys esebi”, in addition to the Moon itself, the Urker
(Pleiades) star cluster closely interacts with it. The fact is that modern astronomy knows this
phenomenon under the name “occultation” [48] (other names for this phenomenon are “coverings”
or “shading”), but does not know how this phenomenon actually happens.
To understand why this happens to the Moon and the Pleiades, it will be useful to read the scientific
definition of modern astronomical science regarding occultation, coverage or shading: “An
occultation is an event that occurs when one object is hidden by another object that passes between
it and the observer. The term is often used in astronomy, but can also refer to any situation in which
an object in the foreground blocks from view (occults) an object in the background... If the closer
body does not entirely conceal the farther one, the event is called a transit. Both transit and
occultation may be referred to generally as occlusion; and if a shadow is cast onto the observer, it
is called an eclipse”.
Based on the above three definitions of modern astronomy (sidereal month, synodic month and
occultation), for thousands and thousands of years the lunar-sidereal [stellar] calendar “Togys
esebi” that we examined worked precisely and without fail.
To explain all this in an accessible language and to combine all these three definitions into one
topic, we create such a simple equality:
29,531 days – 27,322 days = 2,209 days.
This means that after each lunar-synodic month, the relative date of each lunar-sidereal month will
shift by 2.21 days. But, these “shifts” will not exceed 27-28 days:
1) 364 days ÷ 29.531 days = 12.3260303 synodic month in a year;
2) 364 days ÷ 27.322 days = 13.3225972 sidereal month in a year;
3) 2.21 days × 12 sidereal month = 26.52 days (0-12 month);
4) 2.21 days × 13 sidereal month = 28.73 days (0-13 month).
How this mathematical principle worked:
Stage 1. 27.31 days × 13 sidereal months ≈ 355 days;
Stage 2. 27.31 days × 13 sidereal months ≈ 355 days;
Stage 3. 27.29 days × 14 sidereal months ≈ 382 days;
Total:
364 days × 3 sidereal-stellar year = 1092 days.
Ancient peoples or even civilizations that did not know these equalities and, accordingly, the
principle, eventually abandoned this complex project of the lunar-sidereal [stellar] calendar and
switched to lighter and more understandable luno-synodic or lunisolar calendars. As an example,
we can cite the ancient Roman republican calendar Numa Pompilius, [49] where the days in years
are located in this way:
355 + 355 + 377 + 378 = 1465 ÷ 54 lunar-sidereal month = 27.13 days.
As always, modern researchers of the republican calendar do not see the true purpose of this
calendar, correcting the incomprehensible “355 days” to the understandable “354 days” and “365
days”. As a result, they themselves get confused in their research and confuse others. [49]
To be clear to readers, we show this algorithm for shifting the date in the example of the Islamic
calendar * [50] of 1441-1442 / 2020-2021, where every month begins when the moon is visible in
the form of a narrow sickle (Qamar Jadid):
* “The Islamic calendar (Arabic: at-taqwīm al-hijrīy), also known as the Hijri, Lunar Hijri, Muslim or
Arabic calendar, is a lunar calendar consisting of 12 lunar months in a year of 354 or 355 days”.
16
NEW ... YEAR ACCORDING TO THE LUNAR-SIDEREAL [STELLAR] CALENDAR
"TOGYS ESEBI"
01 togys aiy / moon phase – 2.1 days / 2020 April 25
1441 Ramaḍān 1 / 2020 April 24
25 togys aiy / moon phase – 29.3 days / 2020 May 22
1441 Shawwāl 1 / 2020 May 24
23 togys aiy / moon phase – 27.0 days / 2020 June 19
1441 Zū al-Qaʿdah 1 / 2020 June 22
21 togys aiy / moon phase – 24.8 days / 2020 July 16
1441 Zū al-Ḥijjah 1 / 2020 July 22
19 togys aiy / moon phase – 22.7 days / 2020 August 12
1442 al-Muḥarram 1 / 2020 August 20
17 togys aiy / moon phase – 20.7 days / 2020 September 8
1442 Ṣafar 1 / 2020 September 19
15 togys aiy / moon phase – 18.6 days / 2020 October 5
1442 Rabīʿ al-ʾAwwal, Rabīʿ al-ʾŪlā 1 / 2020 October 18
13 togys aiy / moon phase – 16.5 days / 2020 November 2
1442 Rabīʿ ath-Thānī, Rabīʿ al-ʾĀkhir 1 / 2020 November 17
11 togys aiy / moon phase – 14.4 days / 2020 November 29
1442 Jumādā al-ʾAwwal, Jumadā al-ʾŪlā 1 / 2020 December 16
09 togys aiy / moon phase – 12.2 days / 2020 December 27
1442 Jumādā ath-Thāniyah, Jumādā al-ʾĀkhirah 1 / 2021 January 15
07 togys aiy / moon phase – 10.0 days / 2021 January 23
1442 Rajab 1 / 2021 February 13
05 togys aiy / moon phase – 7.8 days / 2021 February 19
1442 Shaʿbān 1 / 2021 March 15
03 togys aiy / moon phase – 5.5 days / 2021 March 19
1442 Ramaḍān 1 / 2021 April 13
17
NEW ... YEAR ACCORDING TO THE LUNAR-SIDEREAL [STELLAR] CALENDAR
"TOGYS ESEBI"
01 togys aiy / moon phase – 3.1 days / 2021 April 15
1442 Shawwāl 1 / 2021 May 13
27 togys aiy / moon phase – 0.6 days / 2021 May 13
1442 Zū al-Qaʿdah 1 / 2021 June 11
25 togys aiy / moon phase – 27.9 days / 2021 June 9
1442 Zū al-Ḥijjah 1 / 2021 July 11
1. As we see from this algorithm for shifting the date, only in spring (at the present stage – in the
second half of April and early May) and only once Urker (Pleiades) is covered by the Moon in the
form of a narrow sickle. Therefore, the nomads of Turkestan defined “Zhana Ai” (new moon) as the
beginning of each year according to the lunar-sidereal [stellar] calendar “Togys esebi”.
2. Every 6-7 days after the beginning of each sidereal month, the Moon covers the constellation
Kambar (Leo). These days (especially in spring, autumn and winter), not only in Kazakhstan, but
throughout Eurasia, the weather will definitely worsen. This phenomenon of the Earth’s nature
associated with the Universe, which has not yet been studied by modern science, is called among
the Kazakhs “Ai men Kambardyn togysy” (coverings of the Kambar (Leo) by the Moon).
3. Someone on Earth may object, if we go beyond the months of 28-29 and 30-31 days, we’ll fly all
to hell. Today's achievements of science and high technologies of our civilization allow us to count
the days and months at our discretion, and we will not be severely punished for this, like two
thousand years ago, when people counted days on the fingers and toes.
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Epilogue
Every time I wrote about the nomadic Turkestan lunar-sidereal [stellar] calendar “Togys esebi”, I
set a goal. It is imperative to write a particular article in a scientific style briefly and meaningfully.
However, it always becomes impossible to fulfill this requirement set for itself. Why is this so
difficult to accomplish?
Today I was once again upset that I had written a lengthy article again. And suddenly such a logical
thought struck me. Before me, no one wrote such a detailed article about the nomad calendars. I am
the very, very first person to write about this. Naturally, I have a lot of materials on this topic. And
another fear is that if I do not write “about this” the topic will be incomprehensible to readers. Thus,
each time the volume of the article grows and grows.
I think that it will be easier for an interested person (a nomad or a European) to write after me a
short article about this calendar. Because in front of him will be all the revealed material to the
smallest detail. He will not rack his brains and will not waste time smoothing out inconsistencies in
the details.
Each time you return to the same topic, you will certainly find more and more new details that you
did not notice before or considered its influence to be insignificant. And these circumstances will
always expand your knowledge on this subject and you will more and more see this topic from a
high bird's. When you finally see everything clearly and in close-up and in the smallest details of
your topic, you will certainly achieve your goal.
Just do not be content with a goal that has not yet been achieved, you always have to go on and on.
And one day you will present short, comprehensive and reliable information to the eyes of your
readers.
I always remember the kind words in the letter of my young friend Milo Gardner from Sacramento,
California, USA. He wrote the following words in his letter: “Thank you. Love you paper and look
forward to your book. Been working on four line of 26 Red + black base 13 numbers per line for 7
years. Any specific points on this under appreciated Seasonal Almanac ... especially lines 2 and 3 ?.
Best Regards Milo Gardner, October 2018. ”
Milo Gardner definitely said correctly, we all need to love paper, then he also begins to love you
and give joys, which are sometimes lacking in this life.
19
BIBLIOGRAPHY-REFERENCES
1. The population of China and Kazakhstan (1950-2020): https://www.worldometers.info/worldpopulation
2. Chongqing: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chongqing
3. Shanghai: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai
4. Beijing: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing
5.
Mesoamerican
Long
Count
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesoamerican_Long_Count_calendar
calendar:
6. Intercalation (timekeeping): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercalation_(timekeeping)
7. The 19-year cycle is the tip of the iceberg, below is the great mystery of the universe:
https://www.academia.edu/43139285/The_19year_cycle_is_the_tip_of_the_iceberg_below_is_the_great_mystery_of_the_universe
8. Maya calendar: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_calendar
9. Kazakh National Calendar (full text):
https://www.academia.edu/37941274/KAZAKH_NATIONAL_CALENDAR_full_text_
10. The Lunar-stellar Calendar "Togys esebi" of the Peoples of Eurasia:
https://www.academia.edu/40526358/The_Lunarstellar_Calendar_Togys_esebi_of_the_Peoples_of_Eurasia
11. Roman calendar (Legendary 10 month calendar): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_calendar
12. Essenes: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essenes
13. Qumran calendrical texts: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qumran_calendrical_texts
14. Maya codices: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_codices
15.
Mesoamerican
calendar tracked
cycles
of 260
days
and
365 days:
https://www.coursehero.com/file/p5n0t/mesoamerican-calendar-tracked-cycles-of-260-days-and365-days-The-260-day/
16. New look at the modern codification of the mayan calendar (full text):
https://www.academia.edu/37620443/NEW_LOOK_AT_THE_MODERN_CODIFICATION_OF_
THE_MAYAN_CALENDAR_full_text_
17. Grofe, Michael John 2007 The Serpent Series: Precession in the Maya Dresden Codex page 55
p. 206
18. Maya Hieroglyphic Writing 1961 pp. 212–217
19. Decipherment of Maya Script , David Kelley 1973 pp. 56–57
20
20. Star Gods of the Maya Susan Milbrath 1999, University of Texas Press
21. "Lloyd B. Anderson The Mayan 819-day Count and the "Y" Glyph: A Probable association with
Jupiter". Traditional High Cultures Home Page. Archived from the original on May 6, 2015.
Retrieved March 30, 2015.
22. Maya calendar / 819-day count: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_calendar
23. Orbital period: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_period
24. Week: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Week
25. Unit of time: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_of_time
26. Adam and Eve: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_and_Eve
27. Galilean telescope: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refracting_telescope#Galilean_telescope
28. Tsybulsky V.V., Lunar-solar calendar of East Asia with translation to the dates of the European
calendar (from 1 to 2019 CE): [Tables] / USSR Academy of Sciences, Institute of Oriental Studies.
– M.: Nauka, 1988. – 382 p.
29. Marcus Terentius Varro., on Agriculture., Book I (from the 27th paragraph to the 37th
paragraph)., This webpage reproduces a Book of De Re Rustica by Varro published in the Loeb
Classical Library, 1934., The text is in the public domain:
http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Varro/de_Re_Rustica/1*.html
30.
The
famous
but
unknown
to
us
"Stellar
Calendar":
https://www.academia.edu/41786231/The_famous_but_unknown_to_us_Stellar_Calendar_
31. Asterism: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asterism_(astronomy)
32. Catasterismi: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catasterismi
33. Auriga (constellation): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auriga_(constellation)
34. Gemini (constellation): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemini_(constellation)
35. Pegasus (constellation): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pegasus_(constellation)
36. Andromeda (constellation): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_(constellation)
37. Urker (Frightened): Pleiades (star cluster): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleiades
38.
Shashyrauyk
(Scattered):
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyades_(star_cluster)
Hyades
39. Leo (constellation): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_(constellation)
40. The Lunar-stellar Calendar "Togys esebi" of the Peoples of Eurasia:
https://www.academia.edu/40526358/The_Lunarstellar_Calendar_Togys_esebi_of_the_Peoples_of_Eurasia
21
(star
cluster):
41. Sidereal month: http://en.wikibedia.ru/wiki/Sidereal_month
42. Month or types of months in astronomy: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Month
43.
Kazakh
National
Calendar
(Full
https://www.academia.edu/37941274/KAZAKH_NATIONAL_CALENDAR_full_text_
Text):
44. Lunisolar calendar: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunisolar_calendar
45. Noumenia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noumenia
46. Rosh Chodesh: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosh_Chodesh
47. What does ( ديدج رمقqamar jadid) mean in Arabic? https://www.wordhippo.com/what-is/themeaning-of/arabic-word-1c5dc720adc633f5df634aee08f96b44910b3775.html
48. Occultation (coverings): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occultation
49. Roman calendar (Republican calendar): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_calendar
50. Islamic calendar: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_calendar
22
Kaldarhan Kambar