Gangs
Edition: 2
Copyright: 2021
Pages: 312
Edition: 2
Copyright: 2020
Pages: 312
Edition: 2
Copyright: 2021
Pages: 312
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Explore the gang phenomenon with respect to the core components of the criminal justice system: the police, the courts, and corrections.
Gangs specifically and sufficiently covers essential gang topics as well as groundbreaking information on new topics. This text presents a traditional and brief overview of the history of gangs and covers material not found in other textbooks: Gangs in the Media and Gangs in the Military.
Gangs:
- engages the reader with vignettes, points to ponder, and more!
- features discussion questions to challenge students and Web links to further review topics.
- provides students with an excellent overview and encourages them to discuss major issues, problems, policies and practices in the field of gang studies.
Preface
Acknowledgements
About the Authors
CHAPTER 1: The Emergence of Gangs in the United States—Then and Now
Introduction
The Northeast
Early New York City Street Gangs
Politics and Street Gangs
The Emergence of Black and Hispanic/Latino Street Gangs
Today’s New York City Street Gangs
The Midwest
Early Chicago Street Gangs
Politics and Street Gangs
The Emergence of Black and Hispanic/Latino Street Gangs
Today’s Chicago Street Gangs
The West
The Emergence of Los Angeles Street Gangs
Politics and Racial Tensions
The Emergence of Hispanic/Latino (Chicano) Street Gangs
The Emergence of Black Street Gangs
Today’s Los Angeles Street Gangs
The South
Other Gangs and Gang Trends
Hybrid Gangs
Asian Gangs
Native American Gangs
Current Gang Trends
Concluding Thoughts
Discussion Points and Questions
Web Links
References
CHAPTER 2: Theories of Gangs and Gang Membership
Introduction
Gangs and Delinquency: An Overview
Why Youth Join Gangs
Crime Theory: A Brief
Gang Crime Theory: Social Structure
Social Disorganization Theory (SDT)
Strain Theory
Subculture Theory
Gang Crime Theory: Social Process
Differential Association Theory
Control Theory
Gang Crime Theory: Social Reaction
Labeling Theory
Conflict Theory
Concluding Thoughts
Discussion Points and Questions
Web Sources
References
CHAPTER 3: Gangs and Mental Illness
Introduction
Mental Illness: An Overview
Trauma
Traumatic Brain Injuries
Prevention and Intervention
Concluding Thoughts
Discussion Points and Questions
Web Sources
References
CHAPTER 4: Girls and Gangs
Introduction
Prior Research on Female Gangs and Gang Membership
Seminal Research on Female Gangs and Gang Members
Why Do Females Join Gangs?
Gang Member Initiation
Past and Current Trends: Female Gang Data
Female-Only Gangs
Challenges to Law Enforcement
Concluding Thoughts
Discussion Points and Questions
Websites
References
CHAPTER 5: Gangs and Native Americans
Understanding the Gang Problem in Indian Country
Native American Street Gangs: Current Trends
Gang Formation and Identity
Gang Organization and Structure
Gang Membership, Alignment, and Opposition
Native American Prison Gangs: Current Trends
Factors Contributing to the Influence of Gangs in Indian Country
Poverty and Unemployment
Education
Substance Abuse
Family-Based Gang Involvement
Cultural Disconnection
Criminal Justice Resource Challenges
Responding to Gangs in Indian Country
Concluding Thoughts
Discussion Points and Questions
Websites
References
CHAPTER 6: Gangs and the Police
The Formation of Police Anti-Gang Units
Implementing Police-Based Strategies to Combat Street Gangs
Federal Approaches to Combating Gangs
COPS Anti-Gang Initiative (CAGI)
The Violent Gang Task Force
National Gang Task Force and Other Federal Programs
National Gang Intelligence Center (NGIC)
Infamous Anti-Gang Police Unit: The LAPD CRASH Unit
Education and Resources for Police Gang Units
Gang Education and Online Sources
Gang Databases
Concluding Thoughts
Discussion Points and Questions
Web Links
References
CHAPTER 7: The Courts and Gangs: Laws, Legislation, and Injunctions
Introduction
Definitions of (Street) Gangs
Group vs. Legal Definitions
Other Types of Gang Definitions
Gang Injunctions/Anti-Gang Loitering Laws
Anti-Gang Legislation (State and Federal)
Juvenile Gang Courts
Concluding Thoughts
Discussion Points and Questions
Web Links
References
CHAPTER 8: Corrections: Prison Gangs and STGs
History of Prison Gangs
From Prison Gangs to Security Threat Groups
Prison Violence and Misconduct
Gang Classification in Prisons/Jails
Prison Gang Estimates
Prominent Prison Gangs/STGs
Aryan Brotherhood
Barrio Azteca
Black Guerrilla Family
Dead Man, Incorporated
Four Horsemen, Tangos, and Tango Blast
Hermanos de Pistoleros Latinos
Mexican Mafia (La Eme)
Mexikanemi
Nazi Low Riders
Ñeta
La Nuestra Familia
Public Enemy Number One
Texas Syndicate
Women Prison Gangs
Juvenile Prison Gangs
Prison Gang Exodus
Concluding Thoughts
Discussion Points and Questions
Web Links
References
CHAPTER 9: Entrepreneurship, Finances, and Gangs
Introduction
Money Laundering
Drug Trafficking
Human Trafficking
Extortion
Financial Crimes
Cybercrime
Concluding Thoughts
Discussion Points and Questions
Web Links
References
CHAPTER 10: Gangs in the U.S. Military
Introduction
History of Gang Members in the Military
Gangs and Gang-Related Crimes in the Military
Street Gangs and the Military Connection
Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs and the Military Connection
Domestic Extremists and the Military Connection
Enlisting, Training, and Prohibiting Gang Members
Concluding Thoughts
Discussion Points and Questions
Web Links
References
CHAPTER 11: The World of Sports, Athletes, and Gangs
Introduction
The Connection between Gangs and Sports
Gangs and Sports Logos
NFL and Gangs
NBA and Gangs
Other Sports Stars
Other Sports Impacted by Gangs
Using Sports to Stop Gang Involvement
Examples of Sports Programs Aimed at Reducing Gang Involvement
Concluding Thoughts
Websites
References
CHAPTER 12: Gangs, the Internet, and Social Media
Introduction
The Internet, Social Media, and Gangs
Online Gang Presence
Online Gang Violence
Online Gang Recruitment
Concluding Thoughts
Discussion Points and Questions
Web Links
References
CHAPTER 13: Gang Prevention, Intervention, Suppression, and Best Practices
Introduction
A Brief: Gang Prevention and Intervention and Suppression
Community Intervention Programs
School-Based Intervention Programs
Gang Suppression Programs
Law Enforcement Gang Suppression Programs
Effectiveness of Gang Interventions
Gang Interventions in Correctional Settings
Best Practices
Concluding Thoughts
Discussion Points and Questions
Web Sources
References
Mario L. Hesse, PhD is a full, tenured professor at the St. Cloud State University (MN) in the Criminal Justice Studies Department. He earned his PhD in sociology from the South Dakota State University. Mario has extensive experience working in the corrections field with adult community-based programs, in juvenile detention centers, and in the juvenile probation office in Minnesota. Mario has published articles in ACJS Today, Corrections Today, Criminal Justice Review, and the Journal of Gang Research. Currently, Mario is a peer-review editor for the Journal of Gang Research and an associate editor for Forensics Scholars Today. He is also the coauthor of a juvenile justice text book titled Juvenile Justice: The Essentials. Mario is a frequent presenter at the National Gang Crime Research Center annual conference held in Chicago, IL.
Christopher J. Przemieniecki, PhD is an Assistant Professor at the West Chester University (PA) in the Department of Criminal Justice. He earned his PhD in Criminal Justice from the University of North Dakota. Christopher has published articles about street gangs and other criminal-justice-related issues in ACJS Today and the Journal of Gang Research and has authored chapters in criminal-justice-related books. Christopher is also a periodic presenter at the National Gang Crime Research Center annual conference and speaks at other gang conferences around the country. Christopher is a member of the Pennsylvania Gang Investigators Association and is a peer-review editor for the Journal of Gang Research.
Explore the gang phenomenon with respect to the core components of the criminal justice system: the police, the courts, and corrections.
Gangs specifically and sufficiently covers essential gang topics as well as groundbreaking information on new topics. This text presents a traditional and brief overview of the history of gangs and covers material not found in other textbooks: Gangs in the Media and Gangs in the Military.
Gangs:
- engages the reader with vignettes, points to ponder, and more!
- features discussion questions to challenge students and Web links to further review topics.
- provides students with an excellent overview and encourages them to discuss major issues, problems, policies and practices in the field of gang studies.
Preface
Acknowledgements
About the Authors
CHAPTER 1: The Emergence of Gangs in the United States—Then and Now
Introduction
The Northeast
Early New York City Street Gangs
Politics and Street Gangs
The Emergence of Black and Hispanic/Latino Street Gangs
Today’s New York City Street Gangs
The Midwest
Early Chicago Street Gangs
Politics and Street Gangs
The Emergence of Black and Hispanic/Latino Street Gangs
Today’s Chicago Street Gangs
The West
The Emergence of Los Angeles Street Gangs
Politics and Racial Tensions
The Emergence of Hispanic/Latino (Chicano) Street Gangs
The Emergence of Black Street Gangs
Today’s Los Angeles Street Gangs
The South
Other Gangs and Gang Trends
Hybrid Gangs
Asian Gangs
Native American Gangs
Current Gang Trends
Concluding Thoughts
Discussion Points and Questions
Web Links
References
CHAPTER 2: Theories of Gangs and Gang Membership
Introduction
Gangs and Delinquency: An Overview
Why Youth Join Gangs
Crime Theory: A Brief
Gang Crime Theory: Social Structure
Social Disorganization Theory (SDT)
Strain Theory
Subculture Theory
Gang Crime Theory: Social Process
Differential Association Theory
Control Theory
Gang Crime Theory: Social Reaction
Labeling Theory
Conflict Theory
Concluding Thoughts
Discussion Points and Questions
Web Sources
References
CHAPTER 3: Gangs and Mental Illness
Introduction
Mental Illness: An Overview
Trauma
Traumatic Brain Injuries
Prevention and Intervention
Concluding Thoughts
Discussion Points and Questions
Web Sources
References
CHAPTER 4: Girls and Gangs
Introduction
Prior Research on Female Gangs and Gang Membership
Seminal Research on Female Gangs and Gang Members
Why Do Females Join Gangs?
Gang Member Initiation
Past and Current Trends: Female Gang Data
Female-Only Gangs
Challenges to Law Enforcement
Concluding Thoughts
Discussion Points and Questions
Websites
References
CHAPTER 5: Gangs and Native Americans
Understanding the Gang Problem in Indian Country
Native American Street Gangs: Current Trends
Gang Formation and Identity
Gang Organization and Structure
Gang Membership, Alignment, and Opposition
Native American Prison Gangs: Current Trends
Factors Contributing to the Influence of Gangs in Indian Country
Poverty and Unemployment
Education
Substance Abuse
Family-Based Gang Involvement
Cultural Disconnection
Criminal Justice Resource Challenges
Responding to Gangs in Indian Country
Concluding Thoughts
Discussion Points and Questions
Websites
References
CHAPTER 6: Gangs and the Police
The Formation of Police Anti-Gang Units
Implementing Police-Based Strategies to Combat Street Gangs
Federal Approaches to Combating Gangs
COPS Anti-Gang Initiative (CAGI)
The Violent Gang Task Force
National Gang Task Force and Other Federal Programs
National Gang Intelligence Center (NGIC)
Infamous Anti-Gang Police Unit: The LAPD CRASH Unit
Education and Resources for Police Gang Units
Gang Education and Online Sources
Gang Databases
Concluding Thoughts
Discussion Points and Questions
Web Links
References
CHAPTER 7: The Courts and Gangs: Laws, Legislation, and Injunctions
Introduction
Definitions of (Street) Gangs
Group vs. Legal Definitions
Other Types of Gang Definitions
Gang Injunctions/Anti-Gang Loitering Laws
Anti-Gang Legislation (State and Federal)
Juvenile Gang Courts
Concluding Thoughts
Discussion Points and Questions
Web Links
References
CHAPTER 8: Corrections: Prison Gangs and STGs
History of Prison Gangs
From Prison Gangs to Security Threat Groups
Prison Violence and Misconduct
Gang Classification in Prisons/Jails
Prison Gang Estimates
Prominent Prison Gangs/STGs
Aryan Brotherhood
Barrio Azteca
Black Guerrilla Family
Dead Man, Incorporated
Four Horsemen, Tangos, and Tango Blast
Hermanos de Pistoleros Latinos
Mexican Mafia (La Eme)
Mexikanemi
Nazi Low Riders
Ñeta
La Nuestra Familia
Public Enemy Number One
Texas Syndicate
Women Prison Gangs
Juvenile Prison Gangs
Prison Gang Exodus
Concluding Thoughts
Discussion Points and Questions
Web Links
References
CHAPTER 9: Entrepreneurship, Finances, and Gangs
Introduction
Money Laundering
Drug Trafficking
Human Trafficking
Extortion
Financial Crimes
Cybercrime
Concluding Thoughts
Discussion Points and Questions
Web Links
References
CHAPTER 10: Gangs in the U.S. Military
Introduction
History of Gang Members in the Military
Gangs and Gang-Related Crimes in the Military
Street Gangs and the Military Connection
Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs and the Military Connection
Domestic Extremists and the Military Connection
Enlisting, Training, and Prohibiting Gang Members
Concluding Thoughts
Discussion Points and Questions
Web Links
References
CHAPTER 11: The World of Sports, Athletes, and Gangs
Introduction
The Connection between Gangs and Sports
Gangs and Sports Logos
NFL and Gangs
NBA and Gangs
Other Sports Stars
Other Sports Impacted by Gangs
Using Sports to Stop Gang Involvement
Examples of Sports Programs Aimed at Reducing Gang Involvement
Concluding Thoughts
Websites
References
CHAPTER 12: Gangs, the Internet, and Social Media
Introduction
The Internet, Social Media, and Gangs
Online Gang Presence
Online Gang Violence
Online Gang Recruitment
Concluding Thoughts
Discussion Points and Questions
Web Links
References
CHAPTER 13: Gang Prevention, Intervention, Suppression, and Best Practices
Introduction
A Brief: Gang Prevention and Intervention and Suppression
Community Intervention Programs
School-Based Intervention Programs
Gang Suppression Programs
Law Enforcement Gang Suppression Programs
Effectiveness of Gang Interventions
Gang Interventions in Correctional Settings
Best Practices
Concluding Thoughts
Discussion Points and Questions
Web Sources
References
Mario L. Hesse, PhD is a full, tenured professor at the St. Cloud State University (MN) in the Criminal Justice Studies Department. He earned his PhD in sociology from the South Dakota State University. Mario has extensive experience working in the corrections field with adult community-based programs, in juvenile detention centers, and in the juvenile probation office in Minnesota. Mario has published articles in ACJS Today, Corrections Today, Criminal Justice Review, and the Journal of Gang Research. Currently, Mario is a peer-review editor for the Journal of Gang Research and an associate editor for Forensics Scholars Today. He is also the coauthor of a juvenile justice text book titled Juvenile Justice: The Essentials. Mario is a frequent presenter at the National Gang Crime Research Center annual conference held in Chicago, IL.
Christopher J. Przemieniecki, PhD is an Assistant Professor at the West Chester University (PA) in the Department of Criminal Justice. He earned his PhD in Criminal Justice from the University of North Dakota. Christopher has published articles about street gangs and other criminal-justice-related issues in ACJS Today and the Journal of Gang Research and has authored chapters in criminal-justice-related books. Christopher is also a periodic presenter at the National Gang Crime Research Center annual conference and speaks at other gang conferences around the country. Christopher is a member of the Pennsylvania Gang Investigators Association and is a peer-review editor for the Journal of Gang Research.