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User Constraints
(Feel free to make comments and suggest additions)
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ConstraintNeedInput/outputFollow-on need(s)Accessibility useAccessibility BenefitNon-accessibility use (Situational Impairment)Non-accessibility benefitsExamplesChallengesPossible Solutions to ChallengesRelevant SC's
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No visualAudio and/or Haptic for visualOutputEfficient navigationSightInclude peopleRadio
Multitasking including driving, operating a machine, cooking, interacting with other people		Safety
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Reduced visualMagnification, some audio and/or haptic for visual, color contrastOutputEfficient navigationSightInclude peopleAging
Multitasking including driving, operating a machine, cooking, interacting with other people		Safety
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No abrupt visualStill optionOutputCognitiveInclude peopleTasks that require concentration
Multitasking including driving, operating a machine, cooking, interacting with other people, especially if it's dangerous		Safety, better concentrationPlatform or browser settings optionKnowing what to set.
Making sure the setup process is quick, easy and persists
Consistency across programs
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No audioVisual for audioOutputLanguage accuracyHearingInclude peopleAging
Loud environment including bar
Quiet environment including library
Misplaced earbuds		Increased reachCaptionsAutomatic captioning still contains mistakes.
Manual captioning is relatively expensive.
Correcting automatic captioning is tedious.
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Reduced audioVisual for audioOutputLanguage accuracyHearingInclude peopleAging
Loud environment including bar
Quiet environment including library
Misplaced earbuds		Increased reachCaptionsAutomatic captioning still contains mistakes.
Manual captioning is relatively expensive.
Correcting automatic captioning is tedious.
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No abrupt audioStill optionOutputCognitiveInclude peopleTasks that require concentration
Quiet environments including library
Multitasking including driving, operating a machine, especially if it's dangerous		Safety, better concentrationPlatform or browser settings option
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No hands availableNo hands inputInputSpeedMotorInclude peopleMultitasking including something that requires hands all the time
Doing anything that will benefit from increased efficiency		Safety, increased reachSpeech input;
Sound input;
Head/Eye pointer input;
Computer Brain interface input;
User-directed automation		Enabling multiple input methods so the user can choose when to employ a given method
Consistency across programs.
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Reduced time with handsAlternative keyboard/mouse device(s) and/or no hands input optionInputEfficient navigationMotorInclude peopleMultitasking including something that requires hands part of the timeSafety, increased reach
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Reduced dexterity with handsAlternative keyboard/mouse device(s) and/or no hands input optionInputEfficient navigationMotorInclude peopleWorking in a cold or awkward environmentSafety, increased reachAbsolute positioning mouse device
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Reduced memory capacityClarity, breadcrumbsOutputEfficient navigationCognitiveInclude peopleMultitasking
Doing anything that will benefit from increased efficiency
Fewer mistakes, less time needed
Back button, historyPrivacy.
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Reduced interrupt capacityClarity, breadcrumbsOutputEfficient navigationCognitiveInclude peopleMultitasking
Doing anything that will benefit from increased efficiency
Fewer mistakes, less time needed
Back button, historyPrivacy.
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Reduced language capacitySymbolic optionsOutput/InputEfficient navigationCognitiveInclude peopleBetter communication with people who use symbolic optionsIncreased reachSymbol setsMultiple needs. Multiple symbol sets
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Reduced complexitySimple optionsOutputEfficient navigationCognitiveInclude peopleMultitasking including driving, operating a machine, cooking, interacting with other people.
Using a language that's not your first language.
Fewer mistakes, less time needed
Avoiding multiple paths for beginners/expert
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Reduced stressClarity, breadcrumbs, control over environment including interrupts, choice of input and output methodsOutput/InputEfficient navigationCognitiveInclude peopleMultitasking including driving, operating a machine, especially if it's dangerous
Safety, fewer mistakes, less time needed
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Require privacyOutput/Input
Technologies used for accessibility can reveal user information without user consent
Include peopleAllow people to keep personal information private
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Reduced navigation in the physical worldEnhanced transport power and/or navigationOutput/Input
Sight, Motor, Cognitive
Include peopleTransporting children
Transporting older folks who have reduced power and navigation abilities
More transport choices across groups
More efficient transport
Group transport schemes;
Buses, subways and cars that can quickly and easily handle wheeled cargo;
Electric cargo bicycles
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Reduced visualEnhanced visual options to access content / navigationOutput/Input
Accessibility Settings (Zoom)
Benefit for users using mobile native Accessibility SettingsAging pouplationResize Text / Reflow Text
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Note: There are two needs that apply to all the constraints – speed of use and option to mix different inputs and different outputs (everywhere).
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Note: Everything boils down to this: people need to know what to do, and be able to do it – without latency or interruption – using their choice of input and output methods
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