1 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA.
2 Department of Health Science, Section of Anesthesia, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy.
3 Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI.
4 Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, and Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI.
5 Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, and Department of Veterans Affairs, Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver, CO.